the Graiae

θεσπέσιος, α, ον, also ος, ον E.Andr. 296 (lyr.), Luc.Sacr.13: (perh. for θες-σπέσιος, cf. θεός, ἔσπον):—prop. of the voice,

A divinely sounding, divinely sweet,

ἀοιδή Il.2.600

;

Σειρῆνες Od.12.158

;

ἔπεα Pi.I.4(3).39

;

ἀχέτας Ar.Av. 1095

(lyr.).

2 divinely uttered or decreed, dat. sg. fem. θεσπεσίῃ as Adv., Il.2.367.

b oracular,

γένος Pi.P.12.13

(of the Graiae);

δάφνα E.

l.c.; θ. ὁδός the way of divination, of Cassandra, A.Ag. 1154 (lyr.); εὐχαῖς ὑπὸ θ. with prayers to the gods, Pi. I.6(5).44.

c = θεῖος, βηλός Il.1.591;

ἄντρον Od.13.363

.

II more than human: hence, awful, of natural phenomena,

θ. νέφος Il. 15.669

;

ἀχλύς Od.7.42

;

λαῖλαψ 9.68

; marvellous,

χάρις 2.12

; θ. ἄωτον, χαλκός, 9.434, Il.2.457; θ. ὀδμή a smell divinely sweet, Od.9.211; ὀσμὴ θ. Hermipp.82.9; of human affairs, θ. φύζα, φόβος, Il.9.2, 17.118;

πλοῦτος 2.670

;

ἠχή 8.159

;

βοή Od.24.49

;

θ. ὅμιλος Theoc. 15.66

: also in Prose,

τέχνη θ. τις καὶ ὑψηλή Pl.Euthd. 289e

;

θ. βίος Id.R. 365b

; θ. καὶ ἡδεῖα ἡ διαγωγή ib. 558a;

σοφοὶ καὶ θ. ἄνδρες Id.Tht. 151b

, cf. Philostr.Dial.1;

φύσεις Id.VS2.9.2

;

θ. τὴν γνώμην Luc. Alex.4

.

III Adv. -ίως, θ. ἐφόβηθεν they trembled unspeakably, Il.15.637: neut. θεσπέσιον as Adv.,

θ. ὑλᾶν Theoc.25.70

; also

ἀπόζει θ. ὡς ἡδύ Hdt.3.113

;

ὠδώδει θ. οἷον Plu.Alex.20

; θεσπεσίηθεν divinely,

ἀρηρότα Emp.96.4

. —Chiefly [dialect] Ep., once in Hdt., twice in Trag. (lyr.), once in Ar. (lyr.).

γραῖα, late Poet. nom. [full] γραίη, [dialect] Dor. [full] γραία (only gen. sg. in Hom.), ἡ,

A old woman, Od.1.438, S.Tr. 870, E.Tr. 465, al.: as Adj., γραῖαι δαίμονες, of the Eumenides, A.Eu. 150 (lyr.), cf. 69.

2 as Adj., of things, old,

γραίας ἐρείκης Id.Ag. 295

;

γραίας ἀκάνθης S.Fr. 868

;

γραῖαν ὠλένην E. Ion 1213

;

γραίᾳ χερί Id.Hec. 877

;

γραιᾶν πηρᾶν Theoc.15.19

;

σταφυλὴ γραίη

raisins,

AP6.231

(Phil.).

3 Γραῖαι, αἱ, the Graiae, with hair grey from their birth, Hes.Th. 270, prob. in A.Fr. 262.

II = γραῦς 11, scum or skin which forms over boiled milk, etc., Arist.Pr. 893b32.

III folds of skin below the navel, Ruf. Onom.99, Poll.2.170.

IV = γραῦς 111, sea-crab, Epich.61.

V = κάρδοπος, Hsch.

Alpes, ĭum (rare in sing., Alpis, is, = hê Alpis; cf. Rudd. I. p. 157, n. 78), f., = hai Alpeis [v. albus], High mountains; and kat exochên, the high mountains of Switzerland, the Alps, unknown to the Romans, in their whole extent, until the time of Augustus. The three principal ranges, running S.W. and N.E., are,

The western division between Italy and France.

Alpes Maritimae, the Maritime Alps, extending from the sources of the Var, in a S.E. direction, to the sea, between the present Nice and Piedmont. North of these are,

Alpes Cottiae (so called from Cottius, a prefect in that region under Augustus), the Cottian Alps, west of Augusta Taurinorum, whose highest peak was Alpis Cottia, now Mont Genevre. Next to these, on the north.

Alpes Graiae (Graiae, a Celtic word of uncertain signif., sometimes falsely referred to Hercules Graius, Nep. Hann. 3, 4), the Graian Alps, extending to Mont Blanc (Alpis Graia is the Little St. Bernard).—

East of these, the middle division, as the northern boundary of Italy.

Alpes Penninae (so called from the deity Penninus, worshipped there; acc. to some, with the orthog. Poeninae, erroneously, with reference to Hannibal), the Pennine or Vallisian Alps, between Vallais and Upper Italy, whose highest peak, Mons Penninus, the Great St. Bernard, seems to have been out little known even in the time of Cæsar; v. Caes. B. G. 3, 1.—Connected with these on the N.E. are,

Alpes Lepontinae, the Lepontine Alps, the eastern continuation of which are,

Alpes Rhaeticae, the Rhœtian or Tyrolese Alps, extending to the Great Glockner.—

The eastern division.

Alpes Noricae, the Noric or Salzburg Alps. —

Alpes Carnicae, the Carnic Alps. —

Alpes Juliae (prob. so callea from the Forum Julii, situated near), the Julian Alps, extending to the Adriatic Sea and Illyria.—Cf. Mann Ital. I. p. 31 sq.; I p. 263; I. p. 271; I. p. 192; I. p. 189; id. Germ. p. 546:

Alpes aëriae,

Verg. G. 3, 474:

hibernae,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 41: gelidae. Luc. 1, 183: saevae Juv. 10, 166 al.—In sing.: quot in Alpe ferae. Ov. A. A. 3, 150: Alpis nubiferae colles. Luc. 1, 688:

opposuit natura Alpemque nivemque. Juv 10, 152: emissus ab Alpe,

Claud. B. Gild. 82; id. Cons. Stil. 3, 285.—

Appel. for any high mountain (only poet.):

gemmae Alpes,

the Alps and Pyrenees, Sil. 2, 833; Sid. Apol. 5, 593; Prud. steph. 3, 538.—Of Athos, Sid. Apol. 2, 510; 9, 43.

spīrĭtus, ūs (scanned spĭrĭtus, Sedul. Hymn. 1 fin.; dat. SPIRITO, Inscr. Orell. 3030; gen., dat., and abl. plur. only eccl. and late Lat., e. g. spirituum, Vulg. Marc. 6, 7:

spiritibus,

Aug. Serm. 216, 11 fin.; Vulg. Luc. 8, 2), m. [spiro], a breathing or gentle blowing of air, a breath, breeze (syn.: aura, flatus).

Lit.

In gen.:

spiritum a vento modus separat: vehementior enim spiritus ventus est, invicem spiritus leviter fluens aër,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 13, 4; cf. Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 5: spiritus Austri Imbricitor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 423 Vahl.), Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 44, 114:

Boreae,

Verg. A. 12, 365:

quo spiritus non pervenit,

Varr. R. R. 1, 57, 2; cf.:

silentis vel placidi spiritus dies,

Col. 3, 19 fin.:

alvus cum multo spiritu redditur,

Cels. 2, 7 med. —

In partic.

The air: imber et ignis, spiritus et gravis terra, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 37 Müll. (Ann. v. 511 Vahl.):

proximum (igni) spiritus, quem Graeci nostrique eodem vocabulo aëra appellant,

Plin. 2, 5, 4, § 10:

quid tam est commune quam spiritus vivis?

Cic. Rosc. Am. 26, 72; cf. Quint. 12, 11, 13:

potestne tibi haec lux, Catilina, aut hujus caeli spiritus esse jucundus?

Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15.—

An exhalation, smell, odor:

spiritus unguenti suavis,

Lucr. 3, 222:

foedi odoris,

Cels. 5, 26, 31 fin.:

florum,

Gell. 9, 4, 10:

sulfuris,

Pall. Aug. 9, 1; cf. Hor. C. 3, 11, 19.—

Breathed air, a breath:

quojus tu legiones difflavisti spiritu,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 17.— Absol.: (equus) saepe jubam quassit simul altam: Spiritus ex animā calida spumas agit albas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 507 Vahl.):

creber spiritus,

Lucr. 6, 1186:

ardentes oculi atque attractus ab alto Spiritus,

Verg. G. 3, 505:

petitus imo spiritus,

Hor. Epod. 11, 10:

in pulmonibus inest raritas... ad hauriendum spiritum aptissima,

Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 136:

diffunditur spiritus per arterias,

id. ib. 2, 55, 138:

animantium vita tenetur, cibo, potione, spiritu,

id. ib. 2, 54, 134:

si spiritum ducit, vivit,

id. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

tranquillum atque otiosum spiritum ducere,

id. Arch. 12, 30:

longissima est complexio verborum, quae volvi uno spiritu potest,

id. de Or. 3, 47, 182:

versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

id. ib. 1, 61, 261:

spiritus nec crebro receptus concidat sententiam, nec eo usque trahatur, donec deficiat,

Quint. 11, 3, 53:

lusit vir egregius (Socrates) extremo spiritu,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96; cf. id. Sest. 37, 79: quorum usque ad extremum spiritum est provecta prudentia, id. Sen. 9, 27:

quos idem Deus de suis spiritibus figuravit,

Lact. Epit. 42, 3.—With gen.:

ut filiorum suorum postremum spiritum ore excipere liceret,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118; Cels. 4, 4; 3, 27; Col. 6, 9, 3; Quint. 9, 4, 68; 11, 3, 32; 11, 3, 53 sq.—

Transf.

In abstr., a breathing:

aspera arteria excipiat animam eam, quae ducta sit spiritu,

Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; cf. id. ib. 2, 55, 138:

aër spiritu ductus alit et sustentat animantes,

id. ib. 2, 39, 101:

crevit onus neque habet quas ducat spiritus auras,

Ov. M. 12, 517.—Esp.: spiritum intercludere (includere), to stop the breath, suffocate, choke, etc.:

lacrimae spiritum et vocem intercluserunt,

Liv. 40, 16, 1; 40, 24, 7; so,

includere,

id. 21, 58, 4.—

The breath of a god, inspiration:

haec fieri non possent, nisi ea uno divino et continuato spiritu continerentur,

by a divine inspiration, Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 19; 3, 11, 28; cf.:

poëtam quasi divino quodam spiritu inflari,

id. Arch. 8, 18.—

The breath of life, life:

eum spiritum, quem naturae debeat, patriae reddere,

Cic. Phil. 10, 10, 20:

vos vero qui extremum spiritum in victoriā effudistis,

id. ib. 14, 12, 32:

dum spiritus hos regit artus,

Verg. A. 4, 336; cf. Hor. C. 4, 8, 14:

ne cum sensu doloris aliquo spiritus auferatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118:

aliquem spiritu privare,

Vell. 2, 87, 2:

merula spiritum reddidit,

to expire, die, id. 2, 22, 2:

spiritus tenues vanescat in auras,

Ov. H. 12, 85:

non effundere mihi spiritum videbar, sed tradere,

Sen. Ep. 78, 4:

novissimum spiritum per ludibrium effundere,

Tac. H. 3, 66 fin.; cf. supra, I. B.—

Poet.,= suspirium, a sigh, Prop. 1, 16, 32; 2, 29 (3, 27), 38.—

In gram., a breathing or aspiration (asper and lenis), Prisc. p. 572 P.; Aus. Idyll. 12 de Monos. Graec. et Lat. 19. —

The hiss of a snake, Verg. Cul. 180.—

Trop.

(Class.) A haughty spirit, haughtiness, pride, arrogance; also, spirit, high spirit, energy, courage (esp. freq. in the plur.; syn. animi).

Sing. (in the best prose only in gen. and abl., which are wanting in plur.):

regio spiritu,

Cic. Agr. 2, 34, 93:

quem hominem! quā irā! quo spiritu!

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6:

illos ejus spiritus Siciliensis,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 22:

tantum fiduciae ac spiritūs,

Caes. B. C. 3, 72:

filia Hieronis, inflata adhuc regiis animis ac muliebri spiritu,

Liv. 24, 22:

patricii spiritūs animus,

id. 4, 42, 5:

ex magnitudine rerum spiritum ducat,

Quint. 1, 8, 5:

corpore majorem rides Turbonis in armis Spiritum et incessum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 311:

cecidit spiritus ille tuus,

Prop. 2, 3, 2:

spiritu divino tactus,

Liv. 5, 22, 5:

non negaverim fuisse alti spiritūs viros,

Sen. Ep. 90, 14.—

Plur.:

res gestae, credo, meae me nimis extulerunt ac mihi nescio quos spiritus attulerunt,

Cic. Sull. 9, 27:

noratis animos ejus ac spiritus tribunicios, etc.,

id. Clu. 39, 109; cf.:

unius tribuni militum animos ac spiritus,

id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 66:

tantos sibi spiritus, sumpserat, ut ferendus non videretur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33 fin. in re militari sumere, id. ib. 2, 4:

nam Dion regios spiritus repressit,

Nep. Dion, 5, 5:

cum spiritus plebes sumpsisset,

Liv. 4, 54:

si cui honores subdere spiritus potuerunt,

id. 7, 40:

remittant spiritus, comprimant animos suos, sedent arrogantiam, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 22, 53:

spiritus feroces,

Liv. 1, 31:

quorum se vim ac spiritus fregisse,

id. 26, 24:

cohibuit spiritus ejus Thrasea,

Tac. A. 16, 26:

Antipater, qui probe nosset spiritus ejus,

Curt. 6, 1, 19.—

(Mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose.) Spirit, soul, mind.

Sing.:

quoslibet occupat artus Spiritus,

Ov. M. 15, 167; Tac. A. 16, 34: spiritum Phoebus mihi, Phoebus artem Carminis dedit, poetic spirit or inspiration, Hor. C. 4, 6, 29; cf.:

mihi Spiritum Graiae tenuem Camenae Parca non mendax dedit,

id. ib. 2, 16, 38:

qualis Pindarico spiritus ore tonat,

Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 40:

imperator generosi spiritŭs,

Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 149: avidus (i. e. to epithumêtikon, the desiring, coveting soul), Hor. C. 2, 2, 10:

quidam comoedia necne poëma Esset, quaesivere: quod acer spiritus ac vis Nec verbis nec rebus inest,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 46:

majoris operis ac spiritūs,

Quint. 1, 9, 15:

alti spiritūs plena,

id. 10, 1, 44:

virtus magni spiritus est et recti,

Sen. Ep. 74, 29:

qui spiritus illi, Quis vultus vocisque sonus,

Verg. A. 5, 648.—

Plur.: Coriolanus hostiles jam tum spiritus gerens, Liv. 2, 35; Curt. 5, 8, 17.—

Transf. (like anima, and the Engl. soul), a beloved object, Vell. 2, 123 fin. —

Spiritus, personified, a spirit (late Lat.); so,

esp., Spiritus Sanctus or simply Spiritus,

the Holy Ghost, Holy Spirit, Cod. Just. 1, 1, 1; Aus. Ephem. 2, 18:

jurare per Deum et per Christum et per Spiritum Sanctum,

Veg. 2, 5:

nocens ille Spiritus,

an evil spirit, Lact. 4, 27, 12:

Spiritus nigri,

evil spirits, Sedul. Carm. 3, 41.

Cămēna (not Cămoena), ae, f. (old form Casmēna, acc. to Varr. L. L. 7, § 27 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. s. v. dusmoso, p. 67 ib., and pesnis, p. 205 ib.) [root kas-, sing, whence carmen], pure Lat. (perh. Ital.) name of the Gr. Mousa, a Muse (freq. in Hor., not in Lucr.), Liv. And. ap. Gell. 18, 9, 5:

acceptus novem Camenis,

Hor. C. S. 62:

amant alterna Camenae,

Verg. E. 3, 59 (cf. id. ib. 7, 19); Hor. C. 3, 4, 21; id. S. 1, 10, 45, id. Ep. 1, 19, 5, id. A. P 275; Prop. 3 (4), 10, 1; Ov M. 14, 434; 15, 482; Plin. H.N praef. § 1; Pers. 5, 21 al.:

Graiae,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 38; Col. 2, 2, 7.—Numa devoted a grove to the Muses in the vicinity of Rome before the Porta Capena, Liv. 1, 21, 3;

Vitr 8, 3, 1.—They had also, probably in the same place, a temple,

Plin. 34, 5, 10, § 19.—

Meton., poetry, a poem, song:

summā dicende Camenā,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 1; id. C. 1, 12, 39; 4, 9, 8; Ov. P 4, 13, 33; Tib. 4, 1, 24; 4, 1, 191; 4, 7, 3.—

Deriv: Cămēnālis, e, adj., of or relating to the Muses (post-class.):

Hippocrene,

Avien. Phaen. Arat. 495. modi, Sid. Ep. 3, 3:

familia,

Symm. Ep. 1, 53.

Cămēna (not Cămoena), ae, f. (old form Casmēna, acc. to Varr. L. L. 7, § 27 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. s. v. dusmoso, p. 67 ib., and pesnis, p. 205 ib.) [root kas-, sing, whence carmen], pure Lat. (perh. Ital.) name of the Gr. Mousa, a Muse (freq. in Hor., not in Lucr.), Liv. And. ap. Gell. 18, 9, 5:

acceptus novem Camenis,

Hor. C. S. 62:

amant alterna Camenae,

Verg. E. 3, 59 (cf. id. ib. 7, 19); Hor. C. 3, 4, 21; id. S. 1, 10, 45, id. Ep. 1, 19, 5, id. A. P 275; Prop. 3 (4), 10, 1; Ov M. 14, 434; 15, 482; Plin. H.N praef. § 1; Pers. 5, 21 al.:

Graiae,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 38; Col. 2, 2, 7.—Numa devoted a grove to the Muses in the vicinity of Rome before the Porta Capena, Liv. 1, 21, 3;

Vitr 8, 3, 1.—They had also, probably in the same place, a temple,

Plin. 34, 5, 10, § 19.—

Meton., poetry, a poem, song:

summā dicende Camenā,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 1; id. C. 1, 12, 39; 4, 9, 8; Ov. P 4, 13, 33; Tib. 4, 1, 24; 4, 1, 191; 4, 7, 3.—

Deriv: Cămēnālis, e, adj., of or relating to the Muses (post-class.):

Hippocrene,

Avien. Phaen. Arat. 495. modi, Sid. Ep. 3, 3:

familia,

Symm. Ep. 1, 53.

φορκίδες [pron. full] [ῐ], ίδων, αἱ,

A the daughters of Phorcys, the three Graiae, A.Pr. 794; also title of play by A.